Types and Applications of Ceramic Fibers

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Ceramic fiber is a fibrous light-weight refractory material. The main chemical component is aluminum silicate. According to its mineral composition, it can be divided into two categories: glassy fiber and polycrystalline fiber. Glassy fiber is an amorphous solid fiber that is formed by the molten liquid in cooling; the polycrystalline fiber is mostly formed by the colloidal injection method (or spinning method) and calcined at high temperature.

Ceramic fiber is widely used in thermal insulation and high-temperature resistant materials of various types of thermal kilns. Because of its large capacity, it is lower than other refractory materials, so the heat storage is small and the insulation effect is obvious. As a lining material, it can greatly reduce the thermal kiln's Energy consumption has brought a revolution to thermal furnaces in terms of energy saving. On the other hand, its application technology and method also brought a revolution to the construction of thermal furnaces.

Use status

The ceramic fiber first appeared in 1941. The American Babu Wilcox Company used natural kaolin and melted it into fibers through an electric arc furnace. In the late 1940s, two American companies produced aluminum silicate series fibers, which were first used in the aviation industry; in the 1960s, the United States developed a variety of ceramic fiber products and used them for industrial kiln wall lining. In the 1970s, ceramic fibers were produced and used in my country. Its application technology was rapidly promoted in the 1980s, but the main use temperature range was below 1000°C, and the application technology was relatively simple and backward.

After entering the 1990s, with the popularization and application of zirconium-containing fibers and polycrystalline alumina fibers, the use temperature increased to 1000 ℃ ~ 1400 ℃, but due to product quality defects and backward application technology, the application field and application methods are subject to Limitations. For example, polycrystalline alumina fibers cannot be made into fiber blankets. The product specifications are mainly loose cotton and fiber blocks. Although the heat insulation temperature of home appliances has increased, the strength is very poor, which limits the scope of use and shortens the service life.

Types and uses

The varieties of ceramic fiber mainly include ordinary aluminum silicate fiber, high aluminum silicate fiber, aluminum silicate fiber (containing Cr2O3, ZrO2, or B2O3), polycrystalline alumina fiber and polycrystalline mullite fiber. In recent years, some new ceramic fiber varieties have been successfully developed (or are being developed) abroad, such as forsterite fiber and ceramic fiber (SiO2-CaO-MgO series and Al2O3-CaO series). The main forms of ceramic fiber products are: ceramic fiber cotton, felt, blanket, module, paper, cloth, belt, rope, etc.

Ceramic Fiber Blanket: Self-melting, continuous melting, and continuous spinning production process is used to produce long spinning fiber. The fiber is interwoven by double-needle punching, which can be directly used as the hot surface of the flame. Insulation and heat preservation in one, long-term use in a neutral, oxidizing, and partial reducing atmosphere can still maintain good strength and toughness. The fiber module made of this fiber blanket does not contain a binder and has good thermal stability, and is widely used in the fields of heat insulation and heat resistance in petrochemical, metallurgy, electric power, etc.

 Ceramic Fiber Board

Ceramic Fiber Board: It is made of ceramic fibers, binders, and additives through pulping, molding, curing, drying, and other processes. Ceramic fiber board has good flexibility, easy cutting, and high strength. It is a new type of energy-saving and environmentally friendly product with low thermal conductivity and low heat storage. It is widely used in the backing of walls and roofs of various heating equipment. It is a heavy refractory material.

Ceramic fiber cloth and belt: mainly used for heat insulation of fire doors, industrial furnaces, high-temperature pipes, and containers.

Ceramic fiber rope: It is mainly used in the expansion joints of various industrial kilns, the winding insulation of high-temperature pipes, and the heat insulation at the joints of steel structures.